Título del libro: Pharmaceuticals In Marine And Coastal Environments: Occurrence, Effects, And Challenges In A Changing World
Título del capítulo: Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution and environmental fate of pharmaceutical residues in urban estuaries
JUAN CARLOS DURAN ALVAREZ;
Autores externos:
Idioma:
Año de publicación:
2021
Palabras clave:
Aquaculture; Brackish; Markers; Salinity; Tide; Wastewater
Resumen:
Estuaries are transitional systems between freshwater streams and the sea, with dynamic equilibriums, which are the habitat of unique organisms. These ecosystems provide an extended set of ecological services to urbanizations, such as nursing, harboring, and a sort of self-flushing basin to take wastewater offshore. Several studies have been performed to track nutrients, poly aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals in estuaries, whereas the occurrence and environmental fate of pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) has been barely studied, with publications concentrated on China, the United States, and Europe. In this chapter, point and diffuse sources of PAC in estuaries are described and the amounts released via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and aquaculture activities are presented. The occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of several pharmaceutical residues in a wide variety of estuaries worldwide are thoroughly analyzed, from tidally influenced rivers to mangrove forests. The distribution of PAC in estuaries is explored in terms of the environmental fate of the organic molecules; dilution, biotic and abiotic degradation, and adsorption processes are explained considering the particularities of estuarine environments. The potential uptake and bioaccumulation of PAC in aquatic species are tangentially treated as a part of the environmental fate of these pollutants. The scattered information on the occurrence and distribution of PAC in estuaries from developing countries, specifically in Africa and Latin America, is presented and, in some cases, compared with the levels found in European countries; the poor performance of WWTP in developing countries results in higher concentrations of PAC in aquatic and sediment systems. Finally, the perspectives and needs to further studies are presented. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
ISBN:
9780081029718
Editorial:
Elsevier Nombre de la publicación:
Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution and environmental fate of pharmaceutical residues in urban estuaries
Página inicial:
27
Página final:
89
