Título del libro: Alzheimer's Disease And Air Pollution: The Development And Progression Of A Fatal Disease From Childhood And The Opportunities For Early Prevention
Título del capítulo: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in highly exposed PM2.5 urbanites: The risk of Alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases in Young Mexico City Residents
RICARDO TORRES JARDON;
Autores externos:
Idioma:
Año de publicación:
2021
Palabras clave:
Air pollution; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid-ß1-42; BDNF; Cerebrospinal fluid; Children; Insulin; Leptin; Mexico city; Parkinson; PM2.5; Prion cellular protein; a-synuclein
Resumen:
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above US EPA standards is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, while Mn toxicity induces parkinsonism. Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) children have pre-and postnatal sustained and high exposures to PM2.5, O3, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Young MCMA residents exhibit frontal tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-ß (Aß)1-42 diffuse plaques, and aggregated and hyperphosphorylated a-synuclein in olfactory nerves and key brainstem nuclei. We measured total prion protein (TPrP), total tau (T-tau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-Tau), Aß1-42, a-synuclein (t-a-syn and d-a-synuclein), BDNF, insulin, leptin, and/or inflammatory mediators, in 129 normal CSF samples from MCMA and clean air controls. Aß1-42 and BDNF concentrations were significantly lower in MCMA children versus controls (p = 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). TPrP increased with cumulative PM2.5 up to 5 µg/m3 and then decreased, regardless of cumulative value or age (R2 = 0.56). TPrP strongly correlated with T-Tau and P-Tau, while d-a-synuclein showed a significant correlation with TNFa, IL10, and IL6 in MCMA children. Total synuclein showed an increment in childhood years related to cumulated PM2.5, followed by a decrease after age 12 years (R2 = 0.47), while d-a-synuclein exhibited a tendency to increase with cumulated PM2.5 (R2 = 0.30). CSF Aß1-42, BDNF, a-synuclein, and TPrP changes are evolving in young MCMA urbanites historically showing underperformance in cognitive processes, odor identification deficits, downregulation of frontal cellular PrP, and neuropathological AD and PD hallmarks. Neuroprotection of young MCMA residents ought to be a public health priority. © 2021 The authors and IOS Press.
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
ISBN:
9781643681597
Editorial:
IOS Press Nombre de la publicación:
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in highly exposed PM2.5 urbanites: The risk of Alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases in Young Mexico City Residents
Página inicial:
477
Página final:
493
