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Título del libro: Drug Treatment Of Sleep Disorders Título del capítulo: Orexin/Hypocretin Antagonists in Insomnia: From Bench to Clinic
Autores UNAM: RENE RAUL DRUCKER COLIN;
Autores externos: Idioma: Año de publicación: 2015Palabras clave:
Insomnia is a common clinical condition portrayed by difficulty in
initiating or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative sleep with
impairment of daytime functioning, such as irritability or fatigue
during wakefulness. This ailment is one of the most rampant health
concerns; however, it represents an everyday struggle to clinicians
because of its many potential causes, unfamiliarity with behavioral
treatments, and concerns about pharmacologic treatments. The etiology
and pathophysiology of insomnia involve genetic, environmental,
behavioral, and physiological factors culminating in hyperarousal.
Current pharmacological treatment for insomnia exists in the form of
benzodiazepine receptor agonist drugs (GABA-A receptor). Nonetheless,
the use of these hypnotic medications must be carefully monitored for
adverse effects and concerns persist regarding their safety and limited
efficacy.
The recent advances made in elucidating the processes of sleep/wake
regulation have altered the way that insomnia is approached. Current
studies have highlighted new targets for drug discovery. One of the most
promising ones is the orexin (hypocretin) system. Orexin neuropeptides
regulate transitions between wakefulness and sleep by promoting arousal
through activation of cholinergic/monoaminergic neural pathways. This
has led to a swift development of a novel class of drugs that antagonize
the physiological effects of orexin. These pharmacological agents may
lead to new therapies for insomnia without the side effect profile of
benzodiazepines (e.g., impaired cognition, disturbed arousal, and motor
balance difficulties); however, antagonizing the orexin system may
produce an entirely new plethora of side effects.
Despite the impending side effect profile of orexin antagonists, these
drugs will inevitably supplement or replace conventional BZD receptor
agonists for treating insomnia.
In this chapter, we will appraise the role of orexin antagonists for the
treatment of insomnia.
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
Fuente:
ISBN: 9783319115146 Editorial: SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG